David Bharucha, MD, PhD, is the chief medical officer of Milestone Pharmaceuticals.

Cardamyst (Etripamil) Nasal Spray Now Commercially Available for Adults with PSVT

Milestone Therapeutics’ etripamil nasal spray for the conversion of acute symptomatic episodes of 

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)

 to sinus rhythm in adults has officially been released for commercial sale in the US under the brand name Cardamyst.

 on December 12, 2025, Cardamyst is a novel calcium channel blocker nasal spray designed to be self-administered by patients in the event of a PSVT attack, independent of medical oversight. The treatment offers patients a substantial degree of control over what has historically been a difficult-to-predict condition, as well as circumventing the need for hospitalizations and emergency room visits.

“Treatments for PSVT have been quite limited up to this point,” David Bharucha, MD, PhD, chief medical officer of Milestone Pharmaceuticals, told 

 in an exclusive interview. “They’ve been particularly limited for treatments that can be given acutely to patients when they first experience an attack of PSVT. The condition is frequently impinging on patients’ lives because they can’t get through their normal everyday activities, and so acute treatment becomes more critically important.”

Cardamyst’s launch was accompanied by the release of a patient assistance platform, which aims to optimize affordability as Milestone continues to negotiate regarding formulary placement and coverage with insurers. The program includes reimbursement support and copay assistance for the majority of patients with commercial insurance covering Cardamyst. Copays are currently capped at $25.

Cardamyst’s FDA approval was based on several trials within the larger NODE program, including NODE-1, NODE-301 parts 1 and 2, NODE-302, and NODE-303. A collective analysis of these trials was presented at the American Heart Association’s 2025 Scientific Sessions, exhibiting the overall safety, efficacy, and test-dose tolerability of Cardamyst in patients with PSVT.

Across all of the included studies, the Kaplan-Meier estimate of etripamil exposed patients converting to sinus rhythm within 30 minutes (n = 622) was 59.6% (range, 53.6-64.3%), with a recorded mean time to conversion of 18.5 minutes (95% CI, 15.7-21). Additionally, the proportion of patients assigned to placebo across these trials converting to sinus rhythm by 30 minutes ranged from 26.7-34.7%.

The combined analysis also showed the occurrence of primarily mild, transient treatment-emergent adverse events, which primarily took the form of nasal discomfort, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, throat irritation, and epistaxis. A total of 1107 patients took ≥1 etripamil test dose while in sinus rhythm, and no significant changes in average baseline heart rate or blood pressure was observed within 45 minutes of administration. Test dose failure occurred in only 16 patients (1.4%).

“So, what all this boils down to is that it’s safe and well-tolerated; patients in trials who could take doses for consecutive separated episodes of PSVT attacks returned to this treatment,” Bharucha said. “And the efficacy data demonstrate that it’s fast, effective, and lasts for well beyond 30 minutes. We keyed in on 30 minutes because that was our primary endpoint, and that’s often the time in which patients have to make a decision. In reality, the effects were long-lasting up until 5 hours, which is when we stopped measuring.”

Editor’s Note: Bharucha reports that he is an employee of Milestone Pharmaceuticals.

Milestone Pharmaceuticals. Milestone Pharmaceuticals Announces US Availability of CARDAMYST (etripamil) Nasal Spray, the First and Only FDA-Approved Self-Administered Treatment for Adults with Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT). January 26, 2026. Accessed January 29, 2026. 

https://investors.milestonepharma.com/news-releases/news-release-details/milestone-pharmaceuticals-announces-us-availability-cardamysttm

Livingston R. FDA Approves Etripamil (Cardamyst) Nasal Spray for PSVT. 

. December 13, 2025. Accessed January 29, 2026. 

https://www.hcplive.com/view/fda-approves-etripamil-cardamyst-nasal-spray-for-psvt

Ip J, Noseworthy P, Piccini J, et al. Combined Efficacy, Safety, and Test Dose Tolerability of Etripamil for Acute Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT) Across Multiple Clinical Trials. AHA/ASA Journals. November 3, 2025. Accessed December 9, 2025. 

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/circ.152.suppl_3.4366812

Videos

Milestone Therapeutics’ novel, self-administered medication for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia has released alongside a patient support program.

News

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Clinical

clinical page is a resource for content on every specialty, disease, and topic available on our medical news site.

Cardiology

Cardiology condition center page is a comprehensive resource for clinical news and insights on cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases. This page consists of interviews, articles, podcasts, and videos on the research, treatment and development of therapies for heart disease and cardiovascular events, as well as associated diabetes, renal failure, and more...

Arrhythmia

Robert Negrin, MD, is president of the American Society of Hematology and a professor of medicine at Stanford University. 

ASH Addresses Funding and Career Development Gaps in Hematology, With President Robert Negrin, MD

Amid ongoing uncertainty in biomedical research funding and challenges sustaining early-career investigators, the 

 is working to maintain continuity of research and patient care.

These efforts include expanded investigator support, global clinical programs, and initiatives aimed at preserving early-career pathways, setting the stage for 

“Clearly, our most important challenge is doing what we can to help stabilize our field. We are all aware that we are living in challenging times when it comes to biomedical research,” said Robert Negrin, MD, ASH president, in an interview with 

“We need to show our members that we care, that we are here to help provide resources, mentorship, and support, and that what they do is important and worth continuing.”

In recent years, hematology investigators have faced growing pressure from tighter federal funding cycles, delayed grant timelines, and prolonged paths to research independence, particularly among early-career clinicians balancing clinical responsibilities with investigative work.

 is one way ASH has contributed to career development and advocacy in the hematology community. According to Negrin, the initiative is structured to address multiple pressure points affecting the hematology workforce, including advocacy for research funding stability, visibility for the field’s clinical and scientific contributions, and targeted support for investigators at vulnerable career stages. He emphasized the effort is intended to reinforce existing pathways rather than replace institutional or federal funding mechanisms.

Other pathways include the Hematology Inclusion Pathway, the Women in Hematology Working Group, and the Treating Fairly Research Award, which is given to investigators focused on health outcomes inequities. Negrin shared his major goals during his presidency will be to provide resources, mentorship, and support to the youngest and most vulnerable members of the field.

These programs are designed to address persistent gaps in retention and advancement across the hematology workforce, particularly among investigators from underrepresented backgrounds or those facing structural barriers to sustained academic careers. Negrin noted society-level initiatives can play a complementary role by offering mentorship, visibility, and early support.

On the international front, Negrin has spent significant time in communities where patient care and clinician support inequities are most prevalent. He highlighted sickle cell disease as a key focus of ASH’s global efforts. An ASH-implemented program in Africa supports newborn screening, early diagnosis, and connects patients with clinicians.

“Although ASH is the American Society of Hematology, it is very much an international organization, and that is something I am proud of.”

For Negrin, recognizing the importance of reaching all communities remains the key to advancing the science.

Despite challenges in research funding and systemic health barriers, hematology has continued to advance. The 67th Annual Meeting and Exposition showcased data on CAR T therapies, next-generation platforms, and bispecific antibody combinations for myeloma and lymphoma, highlighting the field’s scientific momentum even amid broader funding pressures.

“For me, the key takeaway from the meeting was not the science, although the science was fantastic, and we can certainly talk about that. The key takeaway was the real need for community,” said Negrin. “That came across very strongly, not just for me personally, but for many people who attended the meeting.”

Negrin R, MD. Looking Ahead to ASH’s 68th Meeting, With President Robert Negrin, MD. HCPLive. January 27, 2026. 

https://www.hcplive.com/view/looking-ahead-ash-68th-meeting-president-robert-negrin-md

Kuznar W. NIH Research Funding Cuts Would Have Devastating Impact on Hematology. American Health & Drug Benefits. Published 2016. Accessed January 29, 2026. https://www.ahdbonline.com/articles/article-1285

Fight4Hematology - Hematology.org. Hematology.org. Published 2026. Accessed January 29, 2026. https://www.hematology.org/advocacy/fight4hematology

Robert Negrin discusses ASH initiatives to sustain hematology research, early-career careers, and global clinical programs.


Nephrology

The HCPLive nephrology page is a resource for medical news and expert insights on kidney disease. This page features expert-led coverage, articles, videos and research on the therapies and development of treatments in nephrology, and more.

ASH Addresses Funding, Career Development Gaps in Hematology, With President Robert Negrin, MD

Ryan Livingston joined the MJH Life Sciences team in March of 2025, shortly after graduating from TCNJ with a bachelor’s degree in English. He enjoys creative writing, reading, and scuba diving. He can be reached at rlivingston@mjhlifesciences.com.

Image Credit: US Food and Drug Administration

 has approved carbachol and brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution (Yuvezzi, previously known as Brimochol PF) eye drops for the treatment of 

Announced by parent company Tenpoint Therapeutics on January 28, 2026, the approval is based on positive data from the phase 3 BRIO I and BRIO II studies, which demonstrated the efficacy of carbachol and brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution in improving binocular uncorrected near visual acuity (BUNVA), as well as its superiority to combination therapy.

With this decision, Yuvezzi is the first and only dual-agent eye drop approved for presbyopia. The mechanism of action central to this treatment is pupillary constriction and the creation of a pinhole effect, which improves near visual acuity and depth of focus. Carbachol, a cholinergic agent, produces constriction of the iris sphincter and ciliary body, while alpha-adrenergic agonist brimonidine tartrate prevents contraction of the iris dilator muscle and relaxes tonic contraction of the ciliary muscle.

“The impact of presbyopia is often underestimated, and current solutions like glasses, contacts, or surgery have fallen short in meeting the real-world needs of people who struggle with close-up tasks,” John Hovanesian, MD, of Harvard Eye Associates, said in a statement. “Yuvezzi introduces a novel approach by combining carbachol and brimonidine tartrate in a single daily eye drop that sharpens near vision and maintains tolerability throughout the day.”

BRIO I was a 3-arm, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, crossover safety and efficacy study, comparing Yuvezzi to carbachol monotherapy topical ophthalmic solution and brimonidine tartrate monotherapy topical ophthalmic solution in patients with emmetropic phakic or pseudophakic presbyopia. A total of 182 patients were enrolled across 15 sites in the US.

Yuvezzi met all primary and secondary endpoints in BRIO I, achieving a greater population with >15 ETDRS letter gain in binocular near visual acuity (BUCNVA) without a loss of ≥5 letters at distance across all investigated time points through hour 6. These effects were maintained out to 10 hours when compared with carbachol and brimonidine monotherapy. Additionally, Yuvezzi demonstrated statistical significance in the proportion of patients achieving ≥20/40 vision at near visual acuity. A statistically significant gain in distance vision of 2 letters at 8 hours versus active control was also documented.

BRIO II was a 3-arm, multicenter, randomized, double-masked safety and efficacy study of Yuvezzi versus carbachol monotherapy and a vehicle topical ophthalmic solution. It was the company’s second phase 3 pivotal trial, investigating prespecified endpoints agreed upon with the FDA and the European Medicines Agency. A total of 629 patients were enrolled with emmetropic phakic or pseudophakic presbyopia.

This trial included a 12-month daily dosing period, during which Yuvezzi was well-tolerated and exhibited no serious treatment-related adverse events – no tachyphylaxis was observed in either vision or pupil effect over the duration. The primary endpoint of clinically and statistically significant reductions in pupil size at all timepoints was achieved, and additional analysis showed Yuvezzi’s improvement to reading speed and patient-reported quality of life outcomes.

“Presbyopia remains a universal and progressive condition that requires individualized management strategies,” Mile Brujic, OD, of Premier Vision Group, said in a statement. “I’m excited that I will be able to offer my patients Yuvezzi, the first-of-its-kind eye drop well-suited for long-term use. For people seeking a reliable, lifestyle-friendly solution to manage their near vision challenges in aging eyes, Yuvezzi is a valuable and practical advancement.”

Tenpoint Therapeutics expects Yuvezzi to be broadly commercially available in the US at some point in Q2 2026.

Tenpoint Therapeutics. Tenpoint Therapeutics Ltd. Announces FDA Approval of YUVEZZI, the First and Only Combination Eye Drop Approved to Treat Presbyopia. 

. January 28, 2026. Accessed January 29, 2026. 

https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260128284402/en/Tenpoint-Therapeutics-Ltd.-Announces-FDA-Approval-of-YUVEZZI-the-First-and-Only-Combination-Eye-Drop-Approved-to-Treat-Presbyopia

Tenpoint Therapeutics. Visus Therapeutics Presents Topline Clinical Data from Phase 3 Pivotal BRIO-I Trial of BRIMOCHOL PF for the Treatment of Presbyopia at Eyecelerator @ ASCRS 2023. 

. May 4, 2023. Accessed January 29, 2026. 

https://www.biospace.com/visus-therapeutics-presents-topline-clinical-data-from-phase-3-pivotal-brio-i-trial-of-brimochol-pf-for-the-treatment-of-presbyopia-at-eyecelerator-ascrs-2023

Tenpoint Therapeutics. Tenpoint Therapeutics Announces Positive Topline Data from Phase 3 Pivotal Study, BRIO-II, of BRIMOCHOL PF for the Treatment of Presbyopia. 

. January 9, 2025. Accessed January 29, 2026. 

https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250109824922/en/Tenpoint-Therapeutics-Announces-Positive-Topline-Data-from-Phase-3-Pivotal-Study-BRIO-II-of-BRIMOCHOL-PF-for-the-Treatment-of-Presbyopia

Articles

The FDA has approved Yuvezzi, a dual-agent eye drop combining carbachol and brimonidine tartrate, for treating presbyopia in adults. This approval follows successful phase 3 trials, BRIO I and BRIO II, which demonstrated significant improvements in binocular uncorrected near visual acuity and other vision metrics. Yuvezzi's mechanism involves pupillary constriction, enhancing near vision and depth of focus. The trials confirmed its efficacy, safety, and tolerability over extended use. Yuvezzi is expected to be commercially available in the US by Q2 2026.

Parent company Tenpoint Therapeutics announced the FDA’s approval of the first and only dual-agent eye drop for presbyopia.

Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology page, resources on the topics of medical news and expert insight into ophthalmic disease can be found. Content includes articles, interviews, videos, podcasts, and breaking news on eye disease research, treatment, and drug development.

FDA News

FDA Approves Carbachol and Brimonidine Tartrate Ophthalmic Solution for Presbyopia

Nancy Reau, MD, is Professor of Internal Medicine, Richard B. Capps Chair of Hepatology, Associate Director of Solid Organ Transplantation, and Section Chief of Hepatology at Rush University Medical Center.

Recognizing, Treating Alcohol as an Additive Risk Factor in MASLD

, hosts Nancy Reau, MD, and Kimberly Brown, MD, focus on one of the most challenging, and often underappreciated, aspects of managing 

metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)

: accurately assessing and addressing alcohol use.

Reau highlights data examining patient reluctance to disclose alcohol consumption, using phosphatidylethanol (PEth) testing as an objective biomarker. Even at a relatively low cutoff, PEth identified alcohol use in a substantial proportion of patients who reported little or no drinking during clinic visits. Of note, many patients who stated they abstained entirely showed biochemical evidence of alcohol exposure, reinforcing a reality many clinicians recognize: self-reported alcohol use is often inaccurate, whether due to stigma, reluctance, or misunderstanding of what constitutes meaningful intake.

The conversation then turns to how PEth testing can be integrated into practice. Reau emphasizes transparency, explaining that she routinely tells patients when PEth is being ordered, framing it as a tool to support honest, nonjudgmental conversations about liver health.

Brown contrasts this with a more routine testing strategy, likening PEth to other standard laboratory assessments. For her, she says the value lies in using objective data to educate patients, showing that even amounts they perceive as minimal may still be harmful in the context of MASLD. She also notes the implications for clinical trials, pointing out that many study populations likely include patients with overlapping metabolic disease and alcohol use, given the limitations of self-reporting.

Both experts emphasize the clinical importance of another study discussed in the segment, which demonstrated that even modest alcohol consumption, including levels considered lower risk by public health standards, was associated with increased fibrosis in patients with MASLD. This risk was compounded by the presence of multiple metabolic factors, with alcohol acting as another “layer” of risk that accelerates disease progression.

Reau and Brown agree that for patients with MASLD, particularly younger individuals with decades of disease risk ahead, no amount of alcohol is truly safe, and addressing this openly is essential to long-term outcomes.

Editors’ note: Relevant Disclosures for Reau include AbbVie, Gilead, Salix, Arbutus, and VIR. Relevant disclosures for Brown include Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, Gilead, Salix, Intercept, Ipsen, and Madrigal.

Daugherty T, Roepke E, Caviness D, et al. Real-world use of PEth in a MASLD Clinic. Presented at the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) The Liver Meeting 2025. Washington, DC. November 7-11, 2025.

Duseja A, Verma N, De A, et al. Any amount of alcohol intake increases the risk of significant fibrosis and fibrotic MASH in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) - Insights from 7189 patients from Indian Consortium on MASLD (ICOM-D). Presented at the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) The Liver Meeting 2025. Washington, DC. November 7-11, 2025.

Nancy Reau, MD, and Kimberly Brown, MD, discuss the challenges of accurately assessing and addressing alcohol use in patients with MASLD.

Hepatology

MASH / MASLD

The HCPLive MASH & MASLD page is a comprehensive resource for clinical news and insights on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and steatohepatitis. This page consists of interviews, articles, podcasts, and videos on the research, treatment and development of therapies for fatty liver disease, steatohepatitis, and more.

Stone is professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and the Edward A Fox Chair in Medicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital. He has treated IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) since its emergence in recent years and is passionate about educating patients and fellow healthcare providers (HCPs) about the indolent and systemic nature of this disease.

Hope on the Horizon: The Future of GCA Treatment

This video covers the following questions:

Let’s close this series by discussing the future of GCA management. How can clinicians continue to close the gaps in diagnosis and management, and what do you hope is on the horizon for GCA treatment? 

Thank you again to our panel, and thanks to our audience for watching. We hope you found this 

Peer Exchange to be useful and informative.

Video Series

Reflecting on Trial Limitations in GCA: Painting a Future for IL-17A Targeting Therapies 

Abigail Brooks is an assistant managing editor for 

She joined MJH Life Sciences in August 2023 shortly after graduating from Monmouth University where she earned her BA in Communication with a concentration in Public Relations/Journalism and later an MA in Interactive Digital Media. She enjoys traveling, running, and reading books. She can be reached at abrooks@mjhlifesciences.com.

With the acceptance, the FDA has assigned the oral phosphate binder a Prescription Drug User Fee Act target action date of June 29, 2026.

Chronic Kidney Disease

FDA Accepts Oxylanthanum Carbonate NDA Resubmission for Hyperphosphatemia in CKD, Dialysis

Patrick Campbell is the editorial director of HCPLive. Patrick has spent years spearheading coverage surrounding cardiometabolic health and rheumatic disease for MJH Life Sciences. Before joining MJH Life Sciences in 2019, he spent time as a beat reporter and/or multimedia specialist with the Pocono Record, Star News Group, and NJ Advance Media. He is the executive producer for multiple HCPLive podcasts, including Diabetes Dialogue, Don't Miss a Beat, Kidney Compass, Medical Ethics Unpacked, The Medical Sisterhood, and Skin of Color Savvy. 


Follow him on Twitter @RealPatCampbell or reach him via email at PCampbell@mjhlifesciences.com.

The FDA approval is based on a pair of phase 3 trials, including the larfest and longest safety study of presbyopia eye drops. 

FDA Approves First Dual-Agent Eye Drop for Near Vision Loss

Dawn Eichenfield, MD, PhD, is a dermatologist at Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego and an assistant clinical professor of dermatology at UC San Diego School of Medicine.

This Q&A interview with Dawn Eichenfield, MD, PhD, highlights notable takeaways from her session at Maui Derm Hawaii titled ‘Pediatric Dermatology 2026.’

Plaque Psoriasis

The HCPLive plaque psoriasis page is a resource for medical news and expert insights on psoriasis. This page features expert-led coverage, articles, videos and research on the therapies and development of treatments for psoriatic disease, and more.

Conference

 conference coverage page features articles, videos, and expert-led live coverage from major medical meetings throughout the year.

Spotlighting Pediatric Dermatology Updates for 2026, With Dawn Eichenfield, MD, PhD

Linda Stein Gold, MD, is a dermatologist at Henry Ford Health. 

This interview with Stein Gold continues her discussion of new and emerging psoriasis therapies in 2026.

Dermatology

The HCPLive dermatology page is a resource for medical news and expert insights on skin disease. This page features expert-led coverage, articles, videos and research on the therapies and development of treatments for dermatologic conditions, and more.

Emerging Psoriasis, PsA Drugs and Future Developments in Dermatology, With Linda Stein Gold, MD

Alex Hillenbrand is an assistant editor for 

. She earned her BA in English from Lafayette College in 2023 and went on to write for pop culture, entertainment, and sports media outlets before joining MJH Life Sciences in 2025. In her free time, Alex enjoys cooking, going on walks, and meeting new people. Contact her at mjhlifesciences.com.

ASH’s multidisciplinary panel provides a standardized diagnostic pathway emphasizing early laboratory testing and surrogate biopsies.

Hematology

ASH Releases New Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosing AL Amyloidosis

Mazen Noureddin, MD, MHSc, is a professor of medicine and a transplant hepatologist at Houston Methodist and director of the Houston Research Institute.

Noureddin recaps recent progress in MASH therapeutic development and looks ahead to what 2026 and beyond may offer.

MASH Pipeline Developments and Emerging Therapies to Watch in 2026, With Mazen Noureddin, MD, MHSc

This interview at the 2026 Maui Derm Hawaii meeting features a discussion of new and emerging therapies in psoriasis, including icotrokinra.

Discussing Icotrokinra for Adolescents, Other Emerging Psoriasis Drugs, With Linda Stein Gold, MD

Podcasts

Reau and Brown discuss new data on MASH/MASLD, including awareness, referral patterns, discussions around alcohol, and emerging pharmacotherapies.

Liver Lineup: Updates & Unfiltered Insights

Introducing Liver Lineup: Updates & Unfiltered Insights — an exciting new podcast delivering timely, candid perspectives on the most pressing topics in the fast-moving world of hepatology. Created by Nancy Reau, MD, and Kimberly Brown, MD, and hosted by HCPLive, this series dives into the cutting edge of liver disease research, clinical care, and real-world practice.

Liver Lineup: Managing MASLD and MASH Amid Limited Awareness, Overlapping Risk Factors

The new approval allows for repeat administration of iDose TR, modifying the existing single-administration label.

Hypertension

The HCPLive hypertension page is a resource for medical news and expert insights on high blood pressure. This page features expert-led coverage, articles, videos and research on the therapies and development of treatments for hypertension, and more.

Latest News

Cardamyst (Etripamil) Nasal Spray Now Commercially Available for Adults with PSVT

ASH Addresses Funding, Career Development Gaps in Hematology, With President Robert Negrin, MD

FDA Approves Carbachol and Brimonidine Tartrate Ophthalmic Solution for Presbyopia

Recognizing, Treating Alcohol as an Additive Risk Factor in MASLD

Hope on the Horizon: The Future of GCA Treatment