AI Tool Use Linked with Understanding of Skincare Issues, With Rory Sayres, PhD, and Yun Liu, PhD

 access have been identified in the field of dermatology, with only 28% of skin conditions reported by patients being assessed through a dermatologist.

, a pair of investigators named Rory Sayres, MD, and Yun Liu, PhD, discussed the key findings authored in their recent 

 study regarding ways in which artificial intelligence (AI) tools may be impacting consumers’ understanding of skin health. While the study found certain gaps remain, the AI applications assessed were linked with increased accuracy and confidence in terms of consumer understanding.

“I think one of the key goals we're trying to understand with this study is how use of these at home tools affects decision making and affects the quality of information people get,” Sayres explained.

In this segment of their interview, Sayres spoke on how his team’s primary aim was to evaluate how at-home, AI-powered applications can impact both decision-making and the quality of health information attained by consumers. With many already turning to online platforms for questions on their own dermatologic concerns, Sayres, Liu, and colleagues had set out to better understand how these tools compare with traditional information-seeking methods, as well as how users interpret and act on the data given to them.

The team specifically looked at the ways in which assessments by lay individuals served them, with retrospective dermatology cases and images with limited clinical context being used. These images would thus mirror real-world scenarios in which individuals might implement smartphone-based tools to assess their various skin health concerns.

The investigators focused on 2 key outcomes: participants’ ability to correctly identify a skin condition and their understanding of appropriate steps for the conditions’ management. Compared with a control arm using standard resources such as web searches, those in the study who utilized AI-supported tools were significantly more likely to both attempt and correctly name the condition depicted.

Investigators also included a “Wizard of Oz” group, the participants of which were shown dermatologist-generated differential diagnoses presented in the same format as the AI tool. This allowed for isolation of the impact of prediction accuracy on user performance. Notably, improvements in recognition of different skin conditions were seen in both the AI and dermatologist-guided arms, with the highest accuracy seen when participants were provided with expert-level predictions.

However, the results revealed a more nuanced picture when it came to clinical decision-making. While participants improved in their identification of conditions, this did not consistently translate into better judgment regarding next steps, such as whether to seek medical care or manage the issue independently.

Only the dermatologist-guided arm demonstrated a significant improvement in next-step accuracy. This finding, Sayres suggested, indicates the necessity of higher-quality or more precise predictions to impact patient decision-making in a meaningful way. Together, their data highlight both the promise and current limitations of AI in dermatology.’

For any additional information on these findings, view the video segment posted above.

The quotes contained in this summary were edited for the purposes of clarity.

Disclosures: Sayres and Liu reported stock ownership from Google outside the submitted work.

GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018 Nov 10;392(10159):1789-1858. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7. Epub 2018 Nov 8. Erratum in: Lancet. 2019 Jun 22;393(10190):e44. 

Sayres R, Jain A, Liu Y, et al. Consumer Understanding of Skin Concerns With an AI-Powered Informational Tool. JAMA Dermatol. 2026 Apr 15:e260597. 

. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41984449; PMCID: PMC13084546.

Videos

This interview highlights new data assessing whether artificial intelligence (AI)–powered tools can help consumers better understand dermatology cases.

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She joined MJH Life Sciences in August 2023 shortly after graduating from Monmouth University where she earned her BA in Communication with a concentration in Public Relations/Journalism and later an MA in Interactive Digital Media. She enjoys traveling, running, and reading books. She can be reached at abrooks@mjhlifesciences.com.

As SGLT2 inhibitors continue to redefine the standard of care in 

, questions are shifting from whether to use them to which agent to choose for individual patients.

Both dapagliflozin and empagliflozin have established themselves as foundational therapies, supported by robust clinical trial evidence from landmark cardiovascular outcomes trials like EMPA-REG OUTCOME and DECLARE-TIMI 58 to later 

 trials such as DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-Reduced, along with 

-focused studies like DAPA-CKD and EMPA-KIDNEY, further reinforcing consistent cardiorenal benefits that extend beyond glycemic control and beyond diabetes itself.

Despite this robust and largely concordant body of randomized trial evidence, direct comparisons between individual SGLT2 inhibitors remain limited. Cross-trial differences in baseline cardiovascular risk, renal function, and inclusion criteria complicate efforts to draw definitive conclusions about relative efficacy, leaving clinicians to extrapolate across differing datasets. As these agents are increasingly initiated earlier in the disease course and in patients without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, the absence of head-to-head data becomes more clinically relevant.

Understanding whether meaningful differences exist between agents could have important implications for tailoring therapy, optimizing outcomes, and aligning treatment decisions with individual patient risk profiles.

New data presented at the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) Annual Meeting 2026 by Lana Tannous, MD, New York Medical College and Landmark Medical Center, seek to address this gap through a retrospective cohort study using data from the TriNetX network.

She and colleagues conducted propensity score matching on demographics, cardiovascular and renal comorbidities, concomitant medications, and laboratory values in order to yield 2 well-balanced cohorts, with 307,562 patients in each group.

Upon analysis, empagliflozin was associated with a reduced risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (3.9% vs 4.1%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07-1.12; 

 <.001), heart failure exacerbation (19.2% vs 20.5%; HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.09-1.13; 

<.001), and death (3.0% vs 3.3%; HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.09-1.15; 

 <.001). Investigators additionally highlighted reduced risks of acute kidney injury (7.8% vs 8.6%; HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.10-1.14; 

 <.001), dialysis (0.3% vs 0.5%; HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.35-1.58; 

 < .001), and all-cause hospitalization/ER visits (27.9% vs 29.9%; HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.11-1.13; 

 <.001) with empagliflozin compared to dapagliflozin.

Of note, there was no significant difference in stroke risk between the empagliflozin and dapagliflozin groups (1.3% vs 1.3%; HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97-1.06; 

“Results showed empagliflozin was associated with modestly lower risks of cardiovascular events, heart failure exacerbations, death, acute kidney injury, dialysis, and all-cause hospitalization/ER visits compared with dapagliflozin, despite only a small difference in glycemic control,” Tannous and colleagues wrote. “These findings suggest potential cardiorenal safety and effectiveness advantages of empagliflozin that warrant prospective confirmation.”

Tannous L, Agrawal S, Assis PR, et al. Real-World Comparative Effectiveness of Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin on Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Outcomes. Poster presented at the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) Annual Meeting 2026 in Las Vegas, Nevada, April 22-24, 2026.

Campbell P. Dapagliflozin Safe and Effective in Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease, DAPA-CKD Analysis Finds. HCPLive. July 20, 2021. Accessed April 22, 2026. 

https://www.hcplive.com/view/dapagliflozin-safe-and-effective-in-stage-4-chronic-kidney-disease-dapa-ckd-analysis-finds

Iapoce C. EMPA-KIDNEY Stopped Early Due to Clear Positive Efficacy with Empagliflozin. HCPLive. March 16, 2022. Accessed April 22, 2026. 

https://www.hcplive.com/view/empa-kidney-stopped-early-clear-positive-efficacy-empagliflozin

Articles

Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin are entrenched SGLT2 inhibitor options with consistent cardiorenal benefits across cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, and CKD trials, yet the absence of head-to-head randomized data complicates agent selection as use expands to lower-risk populations. A TriNetX propensity score–matched retrospective analysis (307,562 patients per arm) compared real-world outcomes and found modestly lower event rates with empagliflozin across MACE, heart failure exacerbation, mortality, acute kidney injury, dialysis, and all-cause hospitalization/ED visits, with no stroke difference, warranting prospective confirmation.

Propensity-matched data link empagliflozin to lower risk of CV events, AKI, and other outcomes versus dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes.

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Real-World Analysis Links Empagliflozin to Lower Cardiorenal Event Risk Versus Dapagliflozin in T2D

Ryan Livingston joined the MJH Life Sciences team in March of 2025, shortly after graduating from TCNJ with a bachelor’s degree in English. He enjoys creative writing, reading, and scuba diving. He can be reached at rlivingston@mjhlifesciences.com.

Esra’a Alshdifat, MD | Image Credit: NYCHH/Lincoln Department of Medicine

Patients with a prior history of alcohol-related pancreatitis saw substantially increased risks of recurrent pancreatitis, mortality, sepsis, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) up to 5 years after initiating GLP-1 RA or dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists.

GLP-1 RAs are among the most prominent treatments for 

 in recent years, due to their impressive capacity for improving blood sugar control and cardiovascular health in addition to significant and persistent weight loss. However, evidence is severely limited regarding the association between GLP-1s and pancreatitis.

Previous research has indicated that the use of GLP-1s in a comorbidity-free population of patients with T2DM did not increase their risk of pancreatitis. However, given that many patients with alcohol-related pancreatitis are largely excluded from similar research and are therefore understudied, further research is necessary. This is especially true given the immense prominence of GLP-1 RAs in modern diabetes treatment.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Annual Meeting 2026

 in Las Vegas, Nevada, by Esra’a Alshdifat, MD, an endocrinology fellow at Lincoln Hospital. Alshdifat and colleagues attempted to bridge the existing gap between GLP-1 RAs and patients with prior alcohol-related pancreatitis.

The team conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study, examining patients ≥18 years of age with T2DM or obesity who had initiated GLP-1 RA or dual GIP/GLP-1 RA. Data were collected from the TriNetX database, and the included patients were analyzed using 1:1 propensity score matching, with adjustment for major pancreatitis confounders. Patients were followed up for a total of 5 years.

A total of 4558 patients were ultimately enrolled in the trial, with 2279 assigned to both the prior pancreatitis and control cohorts. Following propensity score matching, Alshdifat and colleagues noted well-balanced baseline characteristics with no significant differences in clinical risk factors or demographics.

After 5 years, patients with prior alcohol-related pancreatitis displayed substantially increased risks of DKA, sepsis, mortality, and acute pancreatitis following initiation of incretin therapy. Alshdifat and colleagues note that these results support an increased degree of caution and the careful selection of patients when prescribing incretin therapies, given this population’s apparent high risk. Additionally, the team calls for further prospective studies to define the treatment’s safety.

“Prior pancreatitis history should influence incretin therapy decisions,” Alshdifat and colleagues wrote. “Careful monitoring is required if therapy is initiated. Prospective safety trials are urgently needed.”

Alshdifat E, D’Aza D, Yousef H, et al. Safety of GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1 Agonists in Patients With Prior Alcohol-Related Pancreatitis: A Multi-Center Real-World Cohort Study. Abstract presented at the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Annual Meeting 2026, Las Vegas, NV. April 22-24, 2026.

Ayoub M, Chela H, Amin N, et al. Pancreatitis Risk Associated with GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, Considered as a Single Class, in a Comorbidity-Free Subgroup of Type 2 Diabetes Patients in the United States: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. 

Real‑world TriNetX data evaluated adults with T2DM or obesity starting GLP‑1 receptor agonists or dual GIP/GLP‑1 agonists, comparing those with prior alcohol‑related pancreatitis versus matched controls. In a 1:1 propensity‑matched multicenter cohort (n=4558) with balanced baseline confounders, prior pancreatitis history was associated with higher 5‑year risks of recurrent acute pancreatitis, sepsis, diabetic ketoacidosis, and all‑cause mortality after incretin initiation. This contrasts with prior comorbidity‑free analyses and underscores gaps from historic trial exclusions.

A recent presentation at AACE 2026 highlights the drastically increased risk of mortality, sepsis, diabetic ketoacidosis, and recurrent acute pancreatitis after GLP-1 initiation.

GLP-1 Use in Patients with Prior Alcohol-Related Pancreatitis Dangerously Increases DKA, Mortality Risk

Bariatric Surgery in T1D Causes Sustained Weight Loss, Improves Comorbidities | Image Credit: Pexels

 and reducing required insulin, bariatric surgery in adults with 

 also emphasized the need for close perioperative diabetes management due to variable glycemic outcomes.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) Annual Meeting 2026

 in Las Vegas, Nevada, by Lena Ayari, MD, from the department of endocrinology at Mayo Clinic Rochester, this retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of bariatric surgery in patients with T1D, including mortality, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), severe hypoglycemia, insulin regimen changes, and weight trajectory.

Bariatric surgery remains a cornerstone of treatment for obesity and metabolic dysfunction in 

; however, evidence is limited regarding its efficacy and safety in T1D. Previous studies examining the operation’s effectiveness in patients with T1D have often noted a modest or insignificant reduction in mean glycosylated hemoglobin, which experts have thus far been unable to sufficiently explain.

“Existing studies are small and raise concerns about postoperative complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and severe hypoglycemia,” Ayari and colleagues wrote. “Comprehensive long-term data are needed to better define risks, benefits, and ongoing care needs in T1D patients undergoing bariatric surgery.”

To address this, Ayari and colleagues collected data on patients with T1D undergoing surgery, including demographics and procedure type, insulin regimen changes, DKA and severe hypoglycemia events, serial body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c, and comorbidities such as 

. The team performed descriptive analyses to characterize outcomes, while longitudinal trends of weight, insulin use, and healthcare utilization were evaluated via within-subject comparisons over time.

All patients lost a significant amount of weight early in the study, with mean BMI decreasing from 39.3 kg/m2 preoperatively to the low-mid 30s at 6-12 months. Weight loss was also largely maintained through long-term follow-up – some regained weight by years 2-5, but all remained below baseline.

Regarding glycemic outcomes, the majority of patients saw early improvement in HbA1c, although several underwent deterioration or return to preoperative A1c levels despite sustained weight loss. Insulin requirement, however, decreased in nearly all patients, taking the form of reduced injection doses, lower daily insulin needs on pump therapy, and reductions in bolus insulin needs. In 1 patient, investigators saw a transition from high-dose NPH to lower-dose basal regimens.

Only 1 patient had an episode of DKA, which occurred early in the postoperative period as a result of missed insulin doses. Several patients exhibited fasting hypoglycemia, although severe hypoglycemia was uncommon and there were no recurrent DKA events after the initial postoperative period. Patients also saw frequent improvements in hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea, with multiple discontinuing CPAP or antihypertensives. Lipids and renal functions were largely stable.

Ultimately, Ayari and colleagues determined that bariatric surgery in T1D resulted in durable weight loss, improvement in comorbidities, and reduced insulin requirements. Early HbA1c improvement was common among the included patients, although long-term glycemic control varied. Additionally, DKA and fasting hypoglycemia, among other signals of postoperative metabolic instability, emphasize the need for close management following the procedure.

“These findings demonstrate both the potential benefits and important limitations of bariatric surgery in T1D and support the need for larger, long-term studies to guide patient selection, risk mitigation, and postoperative care strategies,” Ayari and colleagues wrote.

Ayari L, Rizvi S, Kudva Y. Long-Term Clinical Outcomes Following Bariatric Surgery in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. Abstract presented at the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Annual Meeting 2026, Las Vegas, NV. April 22-24, 2026.

Korakas E, Kountouri A, Raptis A, Kokkinos A, Lambadiari V. Bariatric Surgery and Type 1 Diabetes: Unanswered Questions. 

Durable, clinically meaningful weight loss followed bariatric surgery in adults with T1D, with mean BMI dropping from severe obesity to the low–mid 30s within 6–12 months and remaining below baseline long term despite some regain. Insulin requirements decreased across regimens, including reduced bolus needs. HbA1c commonly improved early but showed heterogeneous durability, with some patients returning to preoperative levels despite maintained weight reduction. Postoperative metabolic instability occurred, including an early DKA event from missed insulin and intermittent fasting hypoglycemia, underscoring intensive perioperative management.

A recent study from AACE 2026 has indicated the value of bariatric surgery in adults with type 1 diabetes – and emphasized the need for closer perioperative management.

Type 1 Diabetes

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Bariatric Surgery in T1D Causes Sustained Weight Loss, Improves Comorbidities

Psychiatry Infrastructure Lags Psychedelic Momentum, With Gus Alva, MD

Psychiatry currently lacks the infrastructure and trained workforce required to safely deliver 

 at scale, despite accelerating policy and research momentum, according to Gus Alva, MD, psychiatrist and medical director of ATP Clinical Research. Speaking in the context of recent federal efforts to expand access and research, Alva emphasized that adaptability exists within the field, but implementation capacity remains limited.

He noted that patients with risk factors such as bipolar disorder, psychosis vulnerability, or cardiovascular disease may require careful screening, including detailed psychiatric and family histories and trauma-informed assessments. Current trial protocols, he explained, rely on highly trained therapists, often requiring > 100 hours of specialized preparation.

“The reality is that we right now don't have a therapist pool in the US that would be able to actually fill in this particular slot,” Alva said. “Bear in mind also that these sessions require about 6 to 8 hours of dosing with facilitators, as well as medical backup…physical space, and integration sessions that are done before and after.”

He highlighted integration expertise as central to potential benefit, noting that clinicians must help patients process experiences during a period of heightened neuroplasticity. He also emphasized the importance of safety protocols, including contingency planning for difficult psychological responses, emergent suicidality, psychotic symptoms, or cardiovascular events.

Alva’s comments follow the April 18 executive order signed by President Donald J. Trump directing federal agencies to accelerate research and regulatory pathways for investigational psychedelic therapies.1,2 Alva cautioned that infrastructure development must keep pace with policy changes.

“What this executive order basically brought to the surface is that the way or the conduit for actually exploring psychedelics is going to become a little bit easier,” he said.

According to Alva, the executive order may help address persistent treatment gaps in major depressive disorder (MDD) or PTSD, where many patients do not achieve remission with current therapies. However, he raised concerns about applying Right to Try pathways to Schedule I psychedelics without sufficient safeguards. Although he characterized expanded clinical trial activity as necessary, he emphasized that premature adoption without adequate training, monitoring, and infrastructure could introduce risks.

“[A] training pipeline would certainly be one of the requisites that we'd be looking at,” Alva said.

Watch part 1 of our interview with Alva here: 

White House Order Accelerates Psychedelic Research for Mental Illness, With Gus Alva, MD

Relevant disclosures for Alva include Teva Pharmaceuticals, Otsuka America Pharmaceuticals, AbbVie Inc., Axsome Therapeutics, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, and more.

O’Neil G. Accelerating Medical Treatments for Serious Mental Illness. The White House. Published on April 18, 2026. Accessed April 20, 2026. 

https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/04/accelerating-medical-treatments-for-serious-mental-illness/

Kotkiewicz J. Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump is Accelerating Medical Treatments for Serious Mental Illness. The White House. Published April 18, 2026. 

https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/04/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-is-accelerating-medical-treatments-for-serious-mental-illness/

Alva discusses infrastructure gaps, training demands, and unmet psychiatric need amid accelerated policy momentum for psychedelic therapies.

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Victoria Johnson joined MJH Life Sciences in 2020 and has written for NeurologyLive, CGTLive, and is now an assistant managing editor for HCPLive and RheumatologyLive. She doesn’t have enough time for her numerous hobbies. You can reach her at vjohnson@mjhlifesciences.com.

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From Eosinophils to Image Biomarkers: The Evolving Science of Biologic Selection in Asthma and COPD

Vinod E. Nambudiri, MD, MBA, MPH, is affiliated with Brigham and Women's Hospital and specializes in Dermatology and Internal Medicine.

At the 2026 AAD Annual Meeting, Nambudiri spoke on various points, including how emerging AI tools may help reduce administrative burden in dermatology.

What Changes Is AI Making in Dermatology? With Vinod Nambudiri, MD, MBA, MPH

Linda Stein Gold, MD, is a dermatologist at Henry Ford Health. 

New psoriasis data show durable, rapid skin clearance with modern biologics, spotlighting bimekizumab’s four-year remission and patient-tailored selection.

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Patrick Campbell is the editorial director of HCPLive. Patrick has spent years spearheading coverage surrounding cardiometabolic health and rheumatic disease for MJH Life Sciences. Before joining MJH Life Sciences in 2019, he spent time as a beat reporter and/or multimedia specialist with the Pocono Record, Star News Group, and NJ Advance Media. He is the executive producer for multiple HCPLive podcasts, including Diabetes Dialogue, Don't Miss a Beat, Kidney Compass, Medical Ethics Unpacked, The Medical Sisterhood, and Skin of Color Savvy. 


Follow him on Twitter @RealPatCampbell or reach him via email at PCampbell@mjhlifesciences.com.

Teplizumab is now approved to treat stage 2 type 1 diabetes in kids 1 year and older.

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FDA Expands Teplizumab Approval to Children 1 Year & Older to Delay Type 1 Diabetes Onset

Explore how psoriasis biologics differ—TNF vs IL‑23/IL‑17—why classes matter, and what targeted therapy means for safety and results.

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Learn when IV iron beats pills and when endoscopy matters in GI-related anemia—from bariatric surgery to IBD, celiac, GAVE, angiectasias.

ASH Clinical Practice Guidelines in Development and Remaining Evidence Gaps in IDA Management 

Armstrong’s interview highlights oral therapies in the psoriasis treatment space highlighted in her session at the 2026 AAD meeting.

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Hanna explains the real-world barriers to implementing gene editing therapies in sickle cell disease. 

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First-Generation Gene Editing in Sickle Cell Faces Real-World Limits Despite Breakthrough Results

Anick Bérard PhD, a researcher at CHU Sainte-Justine in Montreal, professor at the University of Montreal, and an adjunct professor Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1.

In an interview, Bérard discusses population-based data showing no increased risk of major congenital malformations with first-trimester asthma controller use.

Asthma Controllers Safe in First Trimester, With Anick Bérard, PhD

Aliza Narva, JD, BSN, MSN, director of ethics at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.

In a Q&A with Dominic Sisti, Narva discusses ethics consult workflows, common conflicts, and lessons from complex ICU cases.



Latest News

AI Tool Use Linked with Understanding of Skincare Issues, With Rory Sayres, PhD, and Yun Liu, PhD

Real-World Analysis Links Empagliflozin to Lower Cardiorenal Event Risk Versus Dapagliflozin in T2D

GLP-1 Use in Patients with Prior Alcohol-Related Pancreatitis Dangerously Increases DKA, Mortality Risk

Bariatric Surgery in T1D Causes Sustained Weight Loss, Improves Comorbidities

Psychiatry Infrastructure Lags Psychedelic Momentum, With Gus Alva, MD