PAMPLONA, Spain, Aug. 3 -- Severe obstructive sleep apnea more than doubled the risk of a first ischemic stroke in patients older than 70 compared with mild or moderate apnea, or none at all, researchers here reported.
In a six-year longitudinal, population-based study of 394 home-living, initially ischemic event-free patients (70 to 100 years old), there were 20 ischemic strokes, confirmed by a neurologist. This amounted to an annual incidence of 11.28 per 1,000 person-years, according to an online report in the August issue of Stroke.
After adjustment for a long list of confounding factors, those with severe sleep apnea hypopnea (apnea-hypopnea index ? 30) had 2.5 times the increased risk of developing a stroke (hazard ratio 2.52, 95% CI, 1.04 to 6.01, P= 0.04), said Roberto Munoz, M.D., at the Hospital de Navarra here and colleagues.
Most sleep-apnea and stroke studies have focused on middle-age people, excluding the elderly population from the analysis, Dr. Munoz said. Until now it was believed that severe sleep apnea among the elderly was less of a health risk compared with the risk for middle-age people. However, this study provides evidence that compared with elderly persons with no or mild apnea, severe apnea hypopnea increases the stroke risk, independent of known confounding factors, Dr. Munoz said.
The participants (median age 77.3 years; 57.1% male) were recruited from the Vitoria Sleep Project in Vitoria, a little town in northern Spain. After an initial interview to gather basic information such as weight, neck circumference, and medications, the participants' breathing patterns-respiration, tracheal sounds, chest and abdominal sounds, for example--were monitored overnight with standard equipment in a sleep study.
Confounding factors assessed at baseline, often similar to those for stroke, included age, sex, smoking and alcohol(Drug information on alcohol) consumption, body mass index, blood pressure, total serum cholesterol levels, and the presence or absence of diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and hypertension, the researchers reported.
Following Spanish Respiratory Society guidelines that recommend continuous positive airway (CPAP) therapy for patients with severe apnea, a few participants who accepted therapy were treated, but tolerance was limited, and these participants were excluded from the follow-up study, the researchers said.
Somewhat surprising, the researchers said, was the observation that classic risk factors such a hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes were not associated with stroke. This, the researchers said, could be explained by the fact that practically every participant was being correctly treated for these conditions.
