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Lana Pine is the editor of HCPLive Rheumatology. She is an experienced editor and technical writer with a demonstrated history of working in the banking and publishing industries. In her free time, she enjoys cooking, yoga, listening to podcasts, and drawing. She can be reached via email at LPine@mjhlifesciences.com.

Results of a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study showed a clear causal relationship between angina pectoris and the onset of 

The incidence of both gout and angina pectoris continues to rise annually, with the global prevalence of gout currently ranging from .1% to 10.0%. Additionally, deaths due to cardiovascular disease have increased by 12.5% over the past decade and now accounts for approximately one-third of overall deaths globally.

Investigators believe understanding the relationship between these conditions and evaluating the possibility of the development of both could help to more precisely prevent and control angina combined with gout.

“The relationship between angina pectoris and the incidence of gout lacks detailed evidence and warrants support from high-quality clinical research, and the relationship between angina pectoris and the incidence of gout needs to be elucidated as soon as possible,” wrote a group of investigators from Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Chengdu, China.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked with gout were collected from the UK Biobank-Neale Lab to be used as genetic instrumental variables. As gout is defined by elevated blood uric acid levels, the SNPs related to blood uric acid levels were collected from BioBank Japan and used as auxiliary gene instrumental variables. Similarly, SNPs linked to angina pectoris onset were collected from the FINN dataset as outcome variables.

The inverse variance weighting (IVW) of the random effects model was the primary result of the MR, along with the weighted median method (WME) and the MR-Egger regression method. A meta-analysis was performed on the IVW results of the European and Japanese biobanks.

In the UK biobank, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the IVW, WME, and MR-Egger were OR = 33.72; 95% CI: 2.07∼550.38; OR = 57.94; 95% CI: 2.75∼1219.82; and OR = 96.38; 95% CI: 0.6∼15556.93, respectively. Angina pectoris was significantly linked with the incidence of gout according to the values of IVW and WME (both .014, 

In the Japanese biobank, the ORs and 95% CIs of the IVW, WME, and MR-Egger were OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.07∼1.34; OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.02∼1.38; and OR = 1.30; 95% CI; 1.06∼1.60, respectively. Similarly, the values of the IVW, WME, and MR-Egger indicated a significant correlation between angina and blood uric acid levels (.001, .027, and .017, respectively; 

Scatter plots confirmed the causal association estimates of the MR-Egger, IVW, and weighted median methods were comparable, and the results of the MR were accurate. The meta-analysis of the IVW for the European and Japanese biobanks demonstrated gout with high blood uric acid levels significantly increases the risk of experiencing angina attacks (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.07–1.34).

Investigators noted limitations including the heterogeneity in the results of the meta-analysis, which warrants further research using more datasets and larger sample sizes to confirm the findings and reduce heterogeneity. Additionally, all patients analyzed were of either European or East Asian ancestry, which may have reduced generalizability.

“Patients with gout often experience cardiovascular diseases in combination, and few guidelines have recommended drug treatment programs,” they wrote. “We expect that subsequent studies will focus on the group of patients with gout combined with angina pectoris and report on the risk factors for angina pectoris in patients with acute gout, as well as the anti-inflammatory and analgesic treatment programs for the 2 diseases, to reduce the acute attacks of angina pectoris in patients with gout and provide a basis for decision-making in terms of clinical drug treatment.”

Xiong J, Sun Y, Huang H, et al. The Causal Relationship between Angina Pectoris and Gout Based on Two Sample Mendelian Randomization. 

. 2024;2024:4564596. Published 2024 Apr 9. doi:10.1155/2024/4564596

G. A. Roth, D. Abate, K. H. Abate et al. et al., “Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017,” The Lancet, vol. 392, no. 10159, pp. 1736–1788, 2018.

Articles

The meta-analysis demonstrated gout with high blood uric acid levels significantly increases the risk of experiencing angina attacks. 

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On the HCPLive gout page, resources on the topics of medical news and expert insight into gouty arthritis can be found. Content includes articles, interviews, videos, podcasts, and breaking news on gout, and more.

Causal Relationship Observed Between Angina Pectoris and Gout Onset

Silas Inman joined MJH Life Sciences® in early 2011 as one of the company's first web editors, on the website OncLive.com. Throughout his tenure at MJH, Silas has been accountable for several organic launches of highly successful brands, including Targeted Oncology™ and NeurologyLive®, and for quickly transforming acquisitions into high-functioning business units. In 2014, he integrated CURE® Media Group into the MJH portfolio, quickly growing the online traffic, launching new offerings, and streamlining the brand’s print strategy. He continued this trend in 2019 with the acquisition of the UBM Life Sciences brands, which includes brands such as Medical Economics®.

An AI screening tool that was trained to detect geography atrophy (GA) effectively screened participants for clinical trial enrollment, with agreement with retina specialists in nearly three-fourths of cases, according to findings presented in a poster at the 

Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) 2024 Meeting

Of the 33 prospectively screened patients, roughly 10 were excluded by the AI as being out of range (30.3%). This compared with 11 who were excluded by graders from the Wisconsin Reading Center who oversaw the research. Overall, the agreement between the AI screening tool and retina specialists was 73% and the agreement was 67% between the AI reports and the Wisconsin Reading Center researchers. "Most disagreements were due to foveal involvement or missed small lesions," said senior researcher Amitha Domalpally, MD, PhD.

"The study highlights the importance of validation and implementation studies to bridge the gap between AI model creation and real-world application," Domalpally, research director of the Wisconsin Reading Center, told 

 over email. "There is a critical need for accurate measurement of GA, a key factor for screening and monitoring in clinical trials. Currently there are no clinical tools to measure GA."

For the prospectively run study, clinical trial eligibility was defined as a uni or multifocal GA area of 1.25 to 23 mm

, along with the absence of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. After these patients were identified by clinical examination, their fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images were captured and uploaded to the AI platform for further validation. This was followed by a human review first by the retina specialists then the researchers in Wisconsin for validation.

"We performed this study to implement an AI model in a clinical trial and test its real-world performance," said Domalpally. In the ARVO poster, researchers concluded that "Al algorithms enhance accuracy of patient selection in clinical trials, expediting enrollment through real-time assessment and reducing screen failure rates."

The AI model was initially trained using FAF images from the Age-Related Eye Disease Studies 2 (AREDS2). These data were annotated by researchers at Wisconsin Reading Center to train the AI to find GA specifically. The model was trained using weak-labeled images, which consisted of measurements only and no GA indicators, and a strong-labeled image, which included GA segmentation masks. Initial findings for the AI were published in 

In this initial AREDS2 dataset, 601 images were analyzed by humans and by AI for both weak- and strong-labeled images. The mean area of GA for each was 6.65 mm

, respectively. The dice coefficient in this example for cross validation was 0.885, meaning there was 88.5% similarity in the areas between the AI and the researchers.

In addition to the AREDS2 data, 156 images were also analyzed from GSK testing data from a clinical trial that was ran between 2011 and 2016 (NCT01342926). This set was annotated by the Reading Center and in this samples the human GA area was 9.79 mm

. The mean difference between the human and the strong labeled was -0.24 mm

. In this case, there was a 91.8% agreement (dice coefficient, 0.918).

In a similar retrospective fashion, which was separate from the research published in 

, another data set was examined that included 48 images from the Moorfields Eye Hospital. These images were reviewed and annotated by researchers at this institution and found a 0.478 mm

 mean difference in GA area between the researcher's measurement and that given by the AI (dice coefficient, 0.895).

"The model performed consistently across all datasets–clinical, clinical trial, retrospective, and prospective–showcasing the generalizability and robustness of the model," said Domalpally. "We had 2 important goals: one, to assess the AI tool’s effectiveness in measuring GA in 4 diverse datasets; and 2, to analyze clinicians use of AI-generated reports on GA area to decide clinical trial eligibility."

Slater R, Chandra S, Saunders T, et al. Real-World Assessment and Clinician Acceptance of AI in GA Measurement. Paper presented at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) 2024 Meeting, May 5–9, 2024.

Domalpally A, Slater R, Linderman R, et al. Strong vs Weak Data Labeling for Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in the Measurement of Geographic Atrophy. 

. 2024;S2666-9145(24)00013-7: Doi:10.1016/j.xops.2024.100477

Retina specialists and an AI screening tool trained to measure geographic atrophy agreed in a majority of cases, potentially expediting clinical trial enrollment and increasing consistency in measuring the disease. 

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AI an Effective Geographic Atrophy Screening Tool 

Connor Iapoce is an associate editor for 

 and joined the MJH Life Sciences team in April 2021. He graduated from The College of New Jersey with a degree in Journalism and Professional Writing. He enjoys listening to records, going to concerts, and playing with his cat Squish. You can reach him at 

At ARVO 2024, Ashkan Abbey, MD describes key data from the pivotal OAKS and DERBY, and the GALE extension trial over 3 years of pegcetacoplan treatment.

Ashkan Abbey, MD: 3-Year Data on Pegcetacoplan for Geographic Atrophy

0:07 Evolutions in Clinical Practice Since FDA Approval
0:50 36-Month Data on Pegcetacoplan for GA
2:02 Safety Profile Across 3 trials
4:13 Next Steps in GA Treatment
6:06 Biggest stories at ARVO 2024


More than a year on from its US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, pegcetacoplan injection (SYFOVRE) from Apellis Pharmaceuticals has ushered in a new era of treatment for 

geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Presented at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) 2024 Meeting, long-term pooled data on pegcetacoplan from the pivotal phase 3 OAKS and DERBY studies and the GALE open-label extension study demonstrated favorable efficacy and consistent safety in patients with GA over 36 months.

, Ashkan M. Abbey, MD, the director of clinical research at Texas Retina Associates, described the increasing treatment effect of pegcetacoplan over time, specifying a 42% reduction in nonsubfoveal GA lesion growth with monthly treatment.

“Right now, we have three-year data with respect to treatment with pegcetacoplan in these trials, and it just keeps on spreading out more and more, the space is bigger and bigger,” Abbey told HCPLive. “That really equates to more retinal tissue preserved.”

In OAKS and DERBY, eyes with GA secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were randomized 2:2:1:1 to pegcetacoplan monthly (PM), every other month (PEOM), sham monthly, or sham every other month, for 24 months. After OAKS and DERBY were completed, study participants could enroll in the GALE 3-year open-label extension study, with sham participants switching to pegcetacoplan treatment on the same regimen.

Upon analysis, across OAKS and DERBY (n = 1258), pegcetacoplan reduced GA lesion growth across all lesion subtypes by 21% with PM and 17% with PEOM (both 

 <.0001), compared with sham, from baseline to month 24.

Among eyes with non-subfoveal GA (n = 446), pegcetacoplan reduced GA lesion growth by 26% and 22% with PEOM (both 

 <.0001). In those with subfoveal GA (n =765), pegcetacoplan reduced GA growth by 19% with PM (

Visual function outcomes showed severe visual impairment, defined as a BCVA ≤35 ETDRS letters for ≥4 months without later recovery to ≥40 letters, was identified in 6.4%, 9.6%, and 12.0% of PM, PEOM, and sham-treated eyes, respectively, by month 24. This corresponded to a 38% (PM) and 12% (PEOM) reduced risk of progression to severe visual impairment with pegcetacoplan treatment.

Approximately 83% (n = 782) of patients who completed OAKS and DERBY enrolled in GALE, with 92% (n = 727) of these patients completing the first 12 months of GALE. During Months 24 to 36, the analysis showed pegcetacoplan reduced GA growth versus projected sham by 35% with PM and 24% with PEOM (both 

In non-subfoveal GA, reductions were 42% with PM and 28% with PEOM; in subfoveal GA, reductions were 31% with PM and 25% with PEOM. Sham patients from OAKS and DERBY who initiated pegcetacoplan in GALE demonstrated a 19% reduction in GA growth versus projected sham at 12 months.

Safety remained consistent with that reported in OAKS and DERBY, with no new safety signals identified in the first 12 months of GALE. Abbey noted the 3-year data exhibited a slightly higher rate of conversion to wet AMD, an expected incidence of endophthalmitis, and a slight elevated risk of ischemic optic neuropathy with pegcetacoplan treatment.

“We are obviously focused on inflammation, which everyone is hyperfocused on because of the incidence of vasculitis that we’ve seen in the real world,” Abbey told 

. “Still, somehow in the clinical trials, where we’ve done many, many injections of pegcetacoplan, we still have not seen a case of vasculitis over this 3-year data set in the trials.”

For more expert insight into the 36-month results of pegcetacoplan for GA, watch the full interview with Dr. Abbey.

Disclosures: Abbey reports financial support from Apellis Pharmaceuticals.

Abbey AM, Wykoff CC, Heier JS, Li C, Yemanyi F, Dieckmann G, Pereria D, Tsuboi M, Baumal C. Long-term efficacy and safety of pegcetacoplan over 36 months including 12-month results of the GALE open-label extension study. Paper presented at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) 2024 Meeting, May 5–9, 2024.

Iapoce C. FDA approves Pegcetacoplan Injection for geographic atrophy. HCP Live. February 17, 2023. Accessed May 6, 2024. https://www.hcplive.com/view/fda-approves-pegcetacoplan-injection-geographic-atrophy.

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Geographic Atrophy

Age-Related Macular Degeneration

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Ashkan M. Abbey, MD: 3-Year Efficacy of Pegcetacoplan for Geographic Atrophy

A recent guideline published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) provided a 20-year update on the standards for quality-of-care and treatment outcomes in patients with 

The guideline, penned by a team of a dozen specialists, tackled the heterogenous, persistent condition that which lacks a robust armamentarium of treatment options, and requires a refined approach to navigating patient needs by psychiatrists.

 in New York, NY, this week, authors and advocates of the updated guidelines spoke on the overarching need for a modernized, evidence-applied approach to managing BPD. One such author was Katharine “Kaz” Nelson, MD, who spoke with 

 on both the guidelines, as well as her session on clinical updates in both diagnosing and treating personality disorders.

: What do you believe are our major areas of concern with regard to the current state of personality disorder diagnosis and care?

 My perspective is from the perspective of a clinical educator providing care to people with borderline personality disorder and other personality disorders at the interface of the clinical space, and as we've trained our next generation. So, I'm grateful to all the efforts of the APA to move the dial forward in how we do that. But really, historically, we're also balancing a challenge where the known science that is developed has a slow translation to the clinical space. And we're still sort of left with practices that are a couple of decades old in the clinical space.

So, where I'm concerned is just really how do we even integrate the science that is known currently, into best practices? There's a lot out there that's essentially outdated. I was a member of this writing group for the new treatment guidelines, and that's a very exciting development, because the previous guidelines were a couple decades old. But sadly, the amount of scientific developments between then and now has not kept pace with other serious disorders. So, the guidelines provide an overview of the science but we're really still trying to just get the basics right.

There still exists a lot of discrimination against patients with personality disorders in the clinical space.

So really, the first step—and the treatment guidelines go over this a little bit—is interfacing with patients with personality disorders, in the same manner and with the same compassion that you would approach any other patients in your clinic, and leaving behind some of the outdated notions that these patients can't improve, that they are treatment resistant, or that you won't be able to make progress. We need to leave those notions behind, because that's really not supported by our existing studies in the field.

You mentioned a lag in applying science to practice, which I think is unfortunately a consistent theme that we've encountered in a lot of the conversations we've had not just in personality disorders, but mood and behavioral disorders this weekend. 

What specifically would you highlight as a clear example of that which is holding back advancement to more refined treatment and understanding for patients?

One of the major developments in the personality disorder space, particularly as pertains to borderline personality disorder, is that there are evidence-based treatments, and there are documented cases and instances of people improving with these conditions. Meanwhile, we're left with guidelines that still say that these disorders are relatively stable and unchanging over time. Those 2 concepts are in conflict with one another, but as we teach medical students and residents in psychiatry, we're still teaching them according to this criteria that says these disorders are relatively stable and unchanging. Well, if that's the message that we're teaching our trainees in the early stages, they're not going to be open and receptive to paradigms that really approach these as treatable conditions.

What may some of those paradigms in personality disorder be that we should better implement into medical student and resident education?

 One of the problems that we're seeing essentially is that because of the discomfort associated with diagnosing and discussing the disorder itself, that sometimes people will avoid that conversation altogether and instead focus on other symptoms of the personality disorders, such as the depression and anxiety symptoms that can sometimes be part of it. Well, that leaves patients unfortunately with diagnoses of major depressive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. And the treatments for those are different than the treatment for borderline personality disorder.

If the way you've been trained leads you to avoid discussing the BPD diagnosis and proceeding with BPD-specific treatments, you're going to be left with imprecise diagnoses that are, by definition, not responsive to the treatments for things like major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder. And then you lead into a pathway of the patient feeling like they are a treatment failure at that point; they're a failed depression patient, rather than somebody who has not received a precise diagnosis and a precise treatment.

What strategies would you point to as a clear opportunity that we could be pursuing more aggressively for personality disorders?

 If you have a patient with many of the symptoms of borderline personality disorder, but they've never heard that term before or they've never had the opportunity to review with you the criteria for borderline personality disorder, it's worth doing that. It's worth getting out the existing criteria and going through them—seeing if it resonates with the patient, looking over their story, seeing if it fits. If it does, that can be really illuminating as to some of the challenges the patient may have experienced. It can explain why maybe some of their symptoms and experiences are different from people with perhaps just major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder, and can lead to a lot of insight and empowerment to the patient where they can actually receive education about their diagnosis, pursue disorder-specific treatments, and even education alone that helps with the management of the disorder.

So, I feel that we should not be serving as a gatekeeper from this diagnosis, and establish strategies to manage the diagnosis. We need to let the patients into the conversation directly.

Nelson discusses how personality disorder care has been slow to apply evidence into practice—and how it's affecting patients.

Psychiatry

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Where Personality Disorder Diagnosis Management is Still Lagging, with Katharine Nelson, MD

Paul Appelbaum, MD: What to Warn Patients When Prescribing Psychedelics in the Future

are still being evaluated on their therapeutic effect and why this effect occurs mechanism-wise. Psychedelics are serotonergic compounds targeting a particular serotonin receptor.

Despite the current research in psychedelics for psychiatric disorders, psychedelics are still illegal under federal law.

With phase 2 and phase 3 studies underway for MDMA and psilocybin, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can approve the drugs in the foreseeable future.

 However, the approval of psychedelic-assisted therapy will present a series of challenges.

The topic was discussed during the session "Challenges in the Use of Psychedelic Compounds for Psychiatric Treatment" at annual 

Paul Appelbaum, MD, from the director and division of law, ethics, and psychiatry at Columbia University, discussed the issues clinicians may need to discuss with their patients regarding psychedelic-assisted therapy. The first issue he said clinicians should tell their patients is the medication effects which is hard to describe.

“For example, people talk about ego dissolution, or feelings of oceanic boundlessness, or merging with the universe,” Appelbaum said. “These are attempts to capture and essentially ineffable experience, that, nonetheless, we are expecting patients to be able to consent to. Finding ways perhaps by having patients talk with other people who've been through psychedelic experiences themselves, finding ways of communicating that as best we can to patients, prior to consent, I think will be essential.”

However, it goes further than that—Appelbaum explained clinicians will have to tell their patients what they know and do not know about the consequences of psychedelics.

“And that includes at the present time, we don't know the duration of effect, we don't know how likely people would be to respond to repeated administration,” Appelbaum said. “We don't know what the consequences of repeated administration might be over the long term.”

Although clinicians should tell their patients about the consequences of psychedelics, the current clinical trials showed psychedelics are relatively safe and bring very few adverse events.

“What happens when this gets out into the real world, as it were, is something that is some cause for concern, and we need to be cautious about what we need to encourage clinicians to do is to know the database and to respect the database and to use these compounds for clearly indicated indications, but not to branch beyond that before there's an evidence base to support it,” Appelbaum said.

Appelbaum, P. Challenges in the Use of Psychedelic Compounds for Psychiatric Treatment. Session presented at: American Psychiatric Association (APA) 2024 Annual Meeting. New York, NY. May 5, 2024.

Derman, C. MDMA-Assisted Therapy for PTSD Is Backed by Positive Data. 

https://www.hcplive.com/view/mdma-assisted-therapy-for-ptsd-is-backed-by-positive-data

Derman, C. Adverse Effects of Therapeutic Psilocybin Are “Tolerable” and Resolve in 48 Hours. HCPLive. April 10, 2024. 

https://www.hcplive.com/view/adverse-effects-of-therapeutic-psilocybin-are-tolerable-and-resolve-in-48-hours

In an interview, Paul Appelbaum, MD, discussed issues clinicians will need to bring up to their patients if the FDA approves a psychedelic-assisted therapy. 

Tim Smith joined the MJH Life Sciences team as an assistant editor for HCPLive in August 2022. He graduated from UC Berkeley with a degree in political science, working in multimedia journalism as a staff writer prior to joining MJH. In his spare time, he enjoys reading, watching TV, listening to podcasts, and rock climbing. You can contact him at 

In this Lungcast episode segment, Balmes spoke about advocating for air pollution improvements, inequities in air quality, and more.

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John Balmes, MD: How to Advocate for Air Quality Improvement

Patrick Campbell is the managing editor of HCPLive. Formerly the editorial lead of Endocrinology Network, Practical Cardiology, and Rheumatology Network, Patrick has spent years spearheading coverage surrounding cardiometabolic health and rheumatic disease for MJH Life Sciences. He now helps to lead coverage in each of these respective areas for HCPLive. Before joining MJH Life Sciences in 2019, he spent time as a beat reporter with the Pocono Record in Stroudsburg, PA, and Star News Group in Manasquan, NJ. He also touts experience in multimedia, having spent time as a multimedia specialist with NJ Advance Media and multimedia coordinator at the Pocono Record. Follow him on Twitter @RealPatCampbell or reach him via email at PCampbell@mjhlifesciences.com.

Data from the ORCA-V trial suggests cytisinicline, a plant-based medication, aids adults in quitting e-cigarettes. 

Addiction

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Cytisinicline, a Plant-Based Medication, Could Help Curb E-Cigarette Use Among Adults Patients

Lykos Therapeutics' new drug application for MDMA plus psychiatric intervention for adults with PTSD will be the first reviewed by an FDA committee for such a therapy. 

FDA News

PTSD

FDA Advisory Committee Meeting to Review MDMA-Assisted Therapy for PTSD

The anti-VEGF agent tarcocimab significantly improved diabetic retinopathy severity score compared with SHAM in a phase 3 study. 

Tarcocimab Tedromer Shows Promise for Diabetic Retinopathy in GLOW1

The utility of second-generation antipsychotics and clozapine has been less advantageous than it could be, Kane explained.

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Clozapine and Second-Generation Antipsychotics for Schizophrenia, with John Kane, MD

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She joined MJH Life Sciences in August 2023 shortly after graduating from Monmouth University where she earned her BA in Communication with a concentration in Public Relations/Journalism and later an MA in Interactive Digital Media. She enjoys traveling, running, and reading books. She can be reached at abrooks@mjhlifesciences.com.

Vitamin D concentration was significant in chronic hepatitis B virus but not hepatitis C virus infection, suggesting its potential impact on immune response.

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Hepatology

Vitamin D May Modulate Immune Function in Chronic HBV Infection

The panel emphasizes the importance of early identification of patients based on subgroups, such as those with difficult-to-control diabetes, hypertension, and bone issues, highlighting that the inability to lower a patient's insulin dosage is a significant risk factor for hypercortisolism.

Type 1 Diabetes

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Peer Exchange

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Patient Subgroups With a Higher Prevalence of Hypercortisolism

Christopher Lucci, MD, reviews the current diagnostic tests for hypercortisolism, which include the Dexamethasone Suppression Test, DHEA level tests, and ACTH assessments.

Testing for Hypercortisolism

In an interview, Ryan McLaughlin discussed the ethical concerns regarding treating psychiatric illness with cannabis.

Ryan McLaughlin, PhD: Challenges Studying Cannabis to Treat Psychiatric Illness

Both overall TEAEs and serious TEAEs were numerically higher in those receiving upadacitinib compared with adalimumab. 

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Latest News

Causal Relationship Observed Between Angina Pectoris and Gout Onset

AI an Effective Geographic Atrophy Screening Tool

Ashkan M. Abbey, MD: 3-Year Efficacy of Pegcetacoplan for Geographic Atrophy

Where Personality Disorder Diagnosis Management is Still Lagging, with Katharine Nelson, MD

Paul Appelbaum, MD: What to Warn Patients When Prescribing Psychedelics in the Future