Ryan Livingston joined the MJH Life Sciences team in March of 2025, shortly after graduating from TCNJ with a bachelor’s degree in English. He enjoys creative writing, reading, and scuba diving. He can be reached at rlivingston@mjhlifesciences.com.

Endocrinology experienced staggering growth across the board in 2025. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have led the charge against 

, while also evolving into a key component in the management of 

 and cardiovascular complications associated with these conditions. Additionally, 

 approvals for the Biolinq Shine and Dexcom’s G7 15 Day continuous glucose monitoring system (CGM) are beginning to address the day-to-day challenges faced by many patients with both 

With so much movement in the sphere in the last 12 months, it was challenging to keep up with every bit of news coming out. The editorial team at 

 has put together a highlight reel of the 13 most impactful headlines in the endocrinology space from 2025 – catch up on some of the news you may have missed below.


FDA Approves Semaglutide (Ozempic) for Type 2 Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease


On January 28, 2025, the FDA approved semaglutide to reduce the risk of worsening kidney disease, kidney failure, and cardiovascular disease death in patients with T2D and CKD. The decision was based on the phase 3b FLOW kidney outcomes trial, which highlighted semaglutide’s superior 24% relative risk reduction of all 3 endpoints compared to placebo when added to standard care.



On April 10, 2025, the FDA granted clearance to the Dexcom G7 15-day CGM system for patients with diabetes aged ≥18 years. With this approval, the G7 CGM is the longest-lasting CGM system, with 15.5 days of wear and best-in-class accuracy with a mean absolute relative difference of 8%. The device offers a waterproof sensor, direct connectivity to Apple watches, and automated activity logging, accompanied by a 12-hour grace period for transition for sensor replacement.


FDA Approves Label Expansion for Osilodrostat for Cushing's Syndrome


On April 16, 2025, parent company Recordati announced the FDA’s approval of a label extension for osilodrostat to treat endogenous hypercortisolemia in adults with Cushing’s syndrome who cannot undergo surgery or for whom it was not curative. The decision was based on the phase 3 LINC 3 study, which saw 137 patients with persistent or recurrent Cushing’s disease treated with twice-daily osilodrostat exhibit a rapid reduction in mean 24-hour urinary free cortisol concentration.


FDA Approves Lonapegsomatropin-tcgd (Skytrofa), Formerly TransCon hGH, for Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency


Lonapegsomatropin-tcgd received FDA approval on July 28, 2025, to replace endogenous growth hormone in adults with 

. This approval was based on data from foresiGHt, a phase 3 randomized clinical trial comparing weekly lonapegsomatropin-tcgd to weekly placebo and daily somatropin. After analysis, investigators saw lonapegsomatropin-tcgd showed superiority in reducing trunk fat and increasing total body lean mass at week 38 versus placebo. It was also safe and well-tolerated, with no discontinuations related to the study drug.


FDA Grants De Novo Classification to Needle-Free Glucose Monitor

On September 25, 2025, the FDA granted De Novo Classification to the Biolinq Shine, the first wearable glucose biosensor that does not require a needle for sensor placement. The device makes use of a microsensor array, which is up to 20 times more shallow than conventional glucose sensors, and aims to combine glucose, activity, and sleep information into a single device with autonomous operation. The Biolinq Shine takes the form of a patch placed on the forearm, displaying real-time glucose feedback via a primary color-coded LED display.


Oral GLP-1 Orforglipron Hits Target in Phase 3 Diabetes Trial


Results from the ACHIEVE-1 trial, published on April 17, 2025, displayed the efficacy and safety of oral orforglipron for adults with T2D inadequately controlled by diet and exercise. The once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist lowered A1c by an average of 1.3-1.6% from a baseline of 8%, with >65% of individuals on the highest dose achieved A1c ≤6.5% - which is below the American Diabetes Association (ADA)’s threshold for diabetes. Patients also experienced an average weight loss of 16 lbs at the highest orforglipron dose, and parent company Eli Lilly noted no sign of a weight plateau by the end of the study.


CATALYST Trial: Mifepristone Improves Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes with Hypercortisolism


Data from the phase 4 CATALYST trial showed the efficacy of mifepristone in improving glycemic control, reducing body weight, and decreasing waist circumference in patients with hypercortisolism and T2D. Mifepristone was associated with a least-squares mean difference in HbA1c of -1.3% compared to placebo, and secondary outcomes also suggested use was associated with weight loss and waist circumference reduction compared to placebo.


SURMOUNT-5: Tirzepatide (Zepbound) Proves Benefit over Semaglutide (Wegovy) for Obesity


Full data from the SURMOUNT-5 was released on May 11, 2025, highlighting tirzepatide’s more substantial weight reduction compared to semaglutide in patients with overweight and obesity. The trial enrolled 751 patients, who were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the maximum tolerated dose of either tirzepatide or semaglutide. Patients treated with tirzepatide exhibited a 20.2% reduction in body weight, compared to 13.7% with semaglutide. Similarly, absolute weight loss was greater with tirzepatide, at 22.8 kg versus 15 kg. Both medications also had consistent safety profiles.


SURPASS-PEDS: Tirzepatide Achieves Superiority to Placebo in Adolescent T2D


The phase 3 SURPASS-PEDS trial was presented at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes Annual Meeting 2025, highlighting tirzepatide’s efficacy compared to placebo in patients 10-18 years with T2D inadequately controlled with metformin, basal insulin, or both. Investigators found that pooled tirzepatide doses from the trial lowered A1c by an average of 2.2% from baseline, and 86.1% of patients assigned to tirzepatide 10 mg achieved a target A1c of ≤6.5%. Tirzepatide also led to meaningful improvements in BMI, with improvements continuing through a long-term extension of 52 weeks.


ACHIEVE-3: Orforglipron Superior to Semaglutide for Type 2 Diabetes in Phase 3 Trial


On September 18, 2025, Eli Lilly announced the results from their phase 3 ACHIEVE-3 trial, which proved orforglipron’s superiority to semaglutide in T2D inadequately controlled with metformin. The trial included 4 active treatment arms, aiming to assess glycemic control and weight loss; by 52 weeks, orforglipron met the primary and all key secondary endpoints across both treatment arms. Orforglipron 12 mg lowered A1c by an average of 1.9%, while the 36 mg dose lowered it by 2.2%, compared to 1.1% and 1.4% with oral semaglutide at 7 mg and 14 mg, respectively. Orforglipron was also superior to oral semaglutide for weight loss, with orforglipron recipients losing an average of 14.6 lbs (12 mg) and 19.7 lbs (36 mg) compared to 7.9 and 11 lbs with oral semaglutide at 7 and 14 mg, respectively.


Diabetes Dialogue: 2025 Guideline Updates for Diabetes & Pregnancy


In this episode of Diabetes Dialogue, cohosts Diana Isaacs, PharmD, and Natalie Bellini, DNP, discussed the July 2025 Preexisting Diabetes in Pregnancy guidelines. Comprised of 10 key recommendations aimed at improving outcomes in pregnant individuals with type 1 or 2 diabetes, these guidelines included discontinuing GLP-1 RAs prior to conception, avoidance of metformin during pregnancy due to concerns of fetal outcomes, and the use of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system rather than standard pumps.


Diabetes Dialogue: Results of ATTAIN-1 and STEP UP Phase 3 Trials


In this episode of Diabetes Dialogue, Isaacs and Bellini covered the results of the ATTAIN-1 and STEP UP clinical trials, both of which had been presented at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes 2025 Conference. They discuss the success of orforglipron, a non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonist, in patients with obesity or overweight and without diabetes – orforglipron’s status as an oral rather than injected GLP-1 was a key focus of the discussion. Additionally, the STEP UP trial investigating semaglutide 7.2 mg in adults with obesity marks a meaningful success for a substantially higher dose than what has been approved by the FDA.


Diabetes Dialogue: Therapeutic Updates from the ADA 2026 Standards of Care


In this episode of Diabetes Dialogue, Isaacs and Bellini cover the recently released 2026 ADA Standards of Care, emphasizing therapeutic changes that may be practice-changing. GLP-1 RAs are now recommended for both 

 and CKD, and the Standards have added time-in-range goals to glucose monitoring alongside A1c targets. Additionally, Isaacs and Bellini express their excitement over the first-ever recommendation for GLP-1 RAs in patients with T1D and obesity, describing it as a major step forward, albeit a first one.

Articles

Endocrinology saw significant advancements in 2025, with GLP-1 receptor agonists playing a pivotal role in managing type 2 diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular complications. The FDA approved several key treatments, including semaglutide for T2D and CKD, and the Dexcom G7 CGM system. Trials like ACHIEVE-1 and SURMOUNT-5 demonstrated the efficacy of new treatments such as orforglipron and tirzepatide. Updated guidelines and therapeutic recommendations were discussed in podcasts, highlighting the evolving landscape of diabetes management and treatment strategies.

Catch up on the most impactful headlines in dyslipidemia from all of 2025 with our Year in Review.

News

news page, resources on the topics of disease- and specialty-specific medical news and expert insight can be found. Content includes articles, interviews, videos, podcasts, and breaking news on health care research, treatment, and drug development.

Clinical

clinical page is a resource for content on every specialty, disease, and topic available on our medical news site.

Endocrinology

The HCPLive endocrinology page is a comprehensive resource for clinical news and insights on endocrine system conditions. This page consists of interviews, articles, podcasts, and videos on the research, treatment and development of therapies for diabetes, hormonal disease, and more.

FDA News

Endocrinology in 2025: Year in Review

Diana Isaacs, PharmD, is an endocrine clinical pharmacist, director of Education and Training in Diabetes Technology, and codirector of Endocrine Disorders in Pregnancy at the Cleveland Clinic.

Diabetes Dialogue: Technology, Therapeutics, & Real-World Perspectives!

Diabetes Dialogue: Breaking New Ground With Oral GLP-1s in Cardiology and Weight Loss

In this episode, cohosts Diana Isaacs, PharmD, and Natalie Bellini, DNP, provide an in-depth discussion of the FDA approval of oral semaglutide (oral Wegovy) for chronic weight management, with market availability anticipated as early as January 2026. The conversation centers on the clinical, regulatory, and practical implications of introducing the first oral GLP-1 receptor agonist approved specifically for weight loss, long-term weight maintenance, and cardiovascular risk reduction.

00:00:01 Intro
00:00:12 Oral Wegovy is now FDA approved
00:02:16 Cardiovascular reduction from an oral GLP-1?
00:04:55 Oral versus injectable weight loss medications
00:05:21 Specific instructions for taking oral GLP-1s
00:10:10 Uptake of oral semaglutide
00:12:12 Orforglipron versus semaglutide
00:13:37 Outro

The hosts review the evidence underpinning approval, focusing on phase 3 data from the OASIS program, including OASIS 4, which enrolled more than 300 participants, and supporting trials encompassing over 17,000 patients. Oral semaglutide, titrated up to 25 mg once daily, produced up to 14% mean weight loss at 64 weeks compared with approximately 2% with placebo – this demonstrated durable, long-term efficacy rather than short-term weight reduction. Isaacs and Bellini highlight the importance of the extended follow-up period and the consistency of weight loss outcomes, particularly given longstanding concerns about sustainability with obesity pharmacotherapy.

The discussion then shifts to the cardiovascular indication recently granted to oral semaglutide. The hosts explain that cardiovascular outcomes were not directly studied at the 25-mg oral dose in a dedicated outcomes trial. Instead, the FDA accepted extrapolation from the SELECT trial, in which injectable semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly demonstrated a 20% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events, along with prior cardiovascular outcomes data from oral semaglutide in type 2 diabetes. Isaacs underscores the significance of this regulatory decision, noting that it avoids redundant, costly trials and accelerates patient access to therapies with well-established class effects.

The episode also addresses real-world considerations that will influence uptake. The anticipated lower cash price – reported at approximately $149 – could substantially improve access, particularly compared with injectable GLP-1–based weight loss therapies. The hosts discuss patient preferences, noting that an oral option may appeal to individuals hesitant about injections and may offer a greater sense of control despite similar pharmacokinetics and side-effect profiles.

At the same time, Isaacs and Bellini stress the critical role of patient education. Oral semaglutide requires strict administration conditions, including ingestion with limited water and no food or beverages for at least 30 minutes, as well as careful dose titration. Pills cannot be split or doubled, and improper use may significantly reduce absorption and efficacy. The episode concludes with a forward-looking discussion of payer dynamics, step-therapy considerations, and emerging oral GLP-1 agents, positioning oral semaglutide as a potentially transformative addition to obesity and cardiovascular risk management in clinical practice.

Podcasts

Cohosts Diana Isaacs, PharmD, and Natalie Bellini, DNP, discuss the groundbreaking news of oral semaglutide's approval and its cardioprotective benefits. 

Obesity Management

Obesity Management condition center page, resources on the topics of medical news and expert insight into clinical weight management can be found. Content includes articles, interviews, videos, podcasts, and breaking news on obesity research, treatment, and drug development.

Cardiology

Cardiology condition center page is a comprehensive resource for clinical news and insights on cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases. This page consists of interviews, articles, podcasts, and videos on the research, treatment and development of therapies for heart disease and cardiovascular events, as well as associated diabetes, renal failure, and more...

podcasts page features a feed of medical news and interview podcast series, including DocTalk, Lungcast, Derm Discussions, and Heart Trials.

Diabetes Dialogue

Diabetes Dialogue: Technology, Therapeutics, & Real-World Perspectives is a monthly podcast hosted by Diana Isaacs, PharmD, and Natalie Bellini, DNP, aimed at providing a regular roundup of the latest clinically applicable insights across diabetes and metabolic diseases, with a focus on leveraging technology to improve care.

Linda Stein Gold, MD, is a dermatologist at Henry Ford Health. 

Summary of the phase 3b APEX study showing guselkumab’s efficacy and inhibition of structural joint damage.

Expert Perspectives on Rheumatologic Referral for Psoriatic Arthritis

, despite the expanding therapeutic landscape. Linda Stein Gold, MD, and her colleagues analyze patient- and provider-reported data from the 

 surveys, revealing that many patients remain dissatisfied with current therapies and that oral agents are overwhelmingly preferred over injectables. The experts discuss how patient lifestyle, comorbidities, and psychosocial burden influence shared decision-making and treatment adherence. They also interpret the 

International Psoriasis Council’s (IPC)

 and explore its implications for reducing “topical churn” and advancing systemic therapy earlier in the disease course.

 and its potential to close current gaps in care. The panel provides an in-depth review of the 

 clinical development program, summarizing the 

 trials, which demonstrated superior efficacy versus deucravacitinib at both 16 and 24 weeks, with favorable safety and tolerability. They also discuss new 

 showing sustained clearance and no new safety signals in adults and adolescents. The faculty reflect on ICO’s implications for adolescent psoriasis and how early, aggressive oral intervention may help prevent progression to psoriatic arthritis, marking a significant milestone in the evolution of oral IL-23–targeted therapy.

The final portion of the series shifts focus to 

managing active psoriatic arthritis (PsA)

. The experts discuss new findings from the 

 demonstrated the first clear evidence of IL-23–mediated inhibition of structural joint damage, reinforcing the rationale for early biologic use in high-risk patients. They compare APEX to prior IL-23 studies, discuss implications for therapy sequencing, and highlight other emerging data from 

 studies. In closing, Stein Gold and colleagues emphasize a forward-looking approach that integrates personalized therapy selection, early detection of PsA, and cross-specialty collaboration to elevate standards of psoriasis care

Videos

Video Series

The panel discusses the prevalence and risk factors for psoriasis progression to psoriatic arthritis.

Screening for Psoriatic Arthritis in Patients With Psoriasis 

Anticipated Role of New Therapies in CSU Guidelines, Management

With the imminent update to chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) management guidelines, multiple newly approved therapies are anticipated to be positioned alongside existing options for patients with antihistamine-refractory disease. Shyam Joshi, MD, assistant professor of medicine in the Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) School of Medicine, discusses how previous guidelines, could give way to an evidence-based framework embraces shared decision-making based on patient preference, presentation, and comorbidities. Recent meta-analyses and clinical trial data indicate that both omalizumab and remibrutinib demonstrate the most favorable balance of efficacy and safety among the available agents.

The introduction of these new agents is expected to significantly enhance individualized care. With options spanning multiple mechanisms and modes of administration, clinicians will be able to tailor therapy based on patient-specific factors and clinical context. Remibrutinib, in particular, stands out for its oral route, rapid onset of action, and robust efficacy, supporting its use as either an early post-antihistamine option or as an alternative for patients for whom injectable biologics are contraindicated or unacceptable.

Joshi anticipates that the evolving treatment landscape will reshape CSU management over the next several years, mirroring advances observed in other atopic and inflammatory conditions. The ability to offer multiple safe and effective therapies will better address the diverse needs and preferences of CSU patients, foster more productive patient-provider discussions, and improve overall disease outcomes as future guidelines are adopted.

Shyam Joshi explores the expected incorporation of new therapies within updated CSU guidelines and their anticipated impact on clinical management strategies.


Nancy Reau, MD, is Professor of Internal Medicine, Richard B. Capps Chair of Hepatology, Associate Director of Solid Organ Transplantation, and Section Chief of Hepatology at Rush University Medical Center.

This episode spotlights how advancements in 2025, including data from AASLD 2025, set the stage for future standards of care in cholestatic liver disease. 

Cholangitis

cholangitis page, resources on the topics of medical news and expert insight into cholangitis can be found. Content includes articles, interviews, videos, podcasts, and breaking news on research, treatment, and drug development in PBC, PSC, and more!

Hepatology

Liver Lineup: Updates & Unfiltered Insights

Introducing Liver Lineup: Updates & Unfiltered Insights — an exciting new podcast delivering timely, candid perspectives on the most pressing topics in the fast-moving world of hepatology. Created by Nancy Reau, MD, and Kimberly Brown, MD, and hosted by HCPLive, this series dives into the cutting edge of liver disease research, clinical care, and real-world practice.

This Year In Medicine

Liver Lineup: Breakthroughs in Cholestatic Liver Disease in 2025

Tim Smith joined the MJH Life Sciences team in 2022 and is currently an associate editor for HCPLive. He is also the executive producer of two podcasts: Skin of Color Savvy and The Medical Sisterhood. Previously, he was the producer of the Lungcast podcast. He graduated from UC Berkeley and worked in multimedia journalism as a staff writer prior to joining MJH. You can contact him at tsmith@mjhlifesciences.com.

Investigators explored the measurement properties of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) among patients with chronic skin disease.

Plaque Psoriasis

The HCPLive plaque psoriasis page is a resource for medical news and expert insights on psoriasis. This page features expert-led coverage, articles, videos and research on the therapies and development of treatments for psoriatic disease, and more.

PROMIS Outcome Measures Effective for Evaluating Chronic Skin Disease

The CRL notes that additional mechanistic and natural history data have not altered the previous review conclusions.

Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology page, resources on the topics of medical news and expert insight into ophthalmic disease can be found. Content includes articles, interviews, videos, podcasts, and breaking news on eye disease research, treatment, and drug development.

Age-Related Macular Degeneration

age-related macular degeneration condition center page is a comprehensive resource for clinical news and insights on retina disease. This page consists of interviews, articles, podcasts, and videos on the research, treatment and development of therapies for patients with AMD.

FDA Issues Complete Response Letter for ONS-5010 for Wet AMD

2025 featured multiple advancements in women's health aimed at enhancing treatment options and awareness.

Hormonal Disorders

Women's Health

On the HCPLive women's health page, resources on the topics of medical news and expert insight into obstetrics, gynecology, and women's related health can be found. Content includes articles, interviews, videos, podcasts, and breaking news on women's health, and more.

From GSM guidance to HRT reform: A landmark year for women’s health

The novel oral NMDA receptor antagonist, sigma-1 agonist, and aminoketone CYP2D6 inhibitor has indicated its efficacy and safety across 3 clinical trials.

Geriatrics

Geriatric medicine condition center page is a comprehensive resource for clinical news and insights on frequent geriatric-related diseases and conditions. This page consists of interviews, articles, podcasts, and videos on the research, treatment and development of therapies for sleep disorder, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and more.

Dementia and Alzheimer Disease

Alzheimer Disease condition center page, resources on the topics of medical news and expert insight into Alzheimer's can be found. Content includes articles, interviews, videos, podcasts, and breaking news on dementa and Alzheimer disease research, treatment, and drug development.

FDA Accepts, Grants Priority Review to AXS-05 sNDA for Alzheimer’s Disease Agitation

The FDA has issued a CRL for selective cortisol modulator relacorilant, citing a need for more evidence of effectiveness.

FDA Issues Complete Response Letter for Relacorilant for Hypercortisolism

The FDA has approved oral neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist tradipitant for the prevention of motion sickness, marking the first approval in decades.

Internal Medicine

Internal Medicine condition center page, resources on the topics of medical news and expert insight into internal medicine can be found. Content includes articles, interviews, videos, podcasts, and breaking news on internal medicine research, treatment, and drug development.

FDA Approves Tradipitant (NEREUS) for the Prevention of Vomiting Induced by Motion

Chelsie Derman is an associate editor for 

who covers psychiatry, sleep medicine, geriatrics, migraine, and allergy. She joined MJH Life Sciences in September 2023 after graduating from The College of New Jersey with a bachelor’s degree in journalism and professional writing. In her free time, she enjoys creative writing and reading.

From FDA decisions to late-phase trial readouts and updated practice guidelines, 2025 delivered clinically actionable insights across sleep conditions.

Sleep

On the HCPLive sleep page, resources on the topics of medical news and expert insight into sleep medicine can be found. Content includes articles, interviews, videos, podcasts, and breaking news on sleep apnea, insomnia, narcolepsy, and more.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

​​Sleep in 2025: Year in Review

Catch up on the most impactful headlines in hormonal disorders from all of 2025 with our Year in Review.

Hormonal Disorders in 2025: Year in Review

Victoria Johnson joined the MJH Life Sciences in 2020 and has written for NeurologyLive, CGTLive, and now HCPLive. You can reach her at vjohnson@mjhlifesciences.com

The fibromyalgia year in review highlights FDA approvals, data, and advances in 2025.

Fibromyalgia

On the HCPLive fibromyalgia page, resources on the topics of medical news and expert insight into fibrositis can be found. Content includes articles, interviews, videos, podcasts, and breaking news on fibromyalgia, and more.

Rheumatology

Rheumatology condition center page is a comprehensive resource for clinical news and insights on rheumatologic disease. This page consists of interviews, articles, podcasts, and videos on the research, treatment and development of therapies for arthritis, gout, nr-AxSpA, and more.

Latest News

Endocrinology in 2025: Year in Review

Diabetes Dialogue: Breaking New Ground With Oral GLP-1s in Cardiology and Weight Loss

Expert Perspectives on Rheumatologic Referral for Psoriatic Arthritis

Screening for Psoriatic Arthritis in Patients With Psoriasis

Anticipated Role of New Therapies in CSU Guidelines, Management